РЕШУ ЦТ

Задание 1 № 2224

Прочитайте текст. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа. Заполните пропуск (A1).

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1) had been leading2) would lead3) would have lead4) has led

Задание 2 № 2044

Прочитайте текст. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа. Заполните пропуск (A2).

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1) contrasting2) being contrasted3) contrasted4) had contrasted

Задание 3 № 1923

Прочитайте текст. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа. Заполните пропуск (A3).

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1) introduced2) was introducing3) had introduced4) was introduced

Задание 4 № 2406

Прочитайте текст. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа. Заполните пропуск (A4).

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1) has pursued2) was pursuing3) has been pursuing4) is pursued

Задание 5 № 2407

Прочитайте текст. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа. Заполните пропуск (A5).

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1) made2) was making3) was made4) has been making

Задание 6 № 2408

Прочитайте текст. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа. Заполните пропуск (A6).

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1) spends2) is spent3) had spent4) was spending

Задание 7 № 1807

Прочитайте текст. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа. Заполните пропуск (A7).

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1) worked2) was working3) had been working4) has worked

Задание 8 № 1748

Прочитайте текст. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа. Заполните пропуск (A8).

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1) will be welcomed2) will welcome3) have welcomed4) are welcoming

Задание 9 № 309

Прочитайте текст. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа. Заполните пропуск (A9).

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1) a2) an3) the4) -

Задание 10 № 2233

Прочитайте текст. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа. Заполните пропуск (A10).

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1) a2) an3) the4) -

Задание 11 № 1271

Прочитайте текст. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа. Заполните пропуск (A11).

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1) а2) an3) the4) -

Задание 12 № 1212

Прочитайте текст. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа. Заполните пропуск (A12).

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1) with2) for3) at4) on

Задание 13 № 1873

Прочитайте текст. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа. Заполните пропуск (A13).

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1) with2) for3) to4) -

Задание 14 № 1934

Прочитайте текст. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа. Заполните пропуск (A14).

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1) From2) With3) In4) On

Задание 15 № 75

Прочитайте текст. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа. Заполните пропуск (A15).

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1) to2) for3) at4) with

Задание 16 № 1216

Прочитайте предложения. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа.

The company's annual report showed that sales figures were ... than they had expected.

1) far more lower2) much more lower3) far lowest4) much lower

Задание 17 № 1277

Прочитайте предложения. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа.

The doctor was puzzled by my ... symptoms and ordered several further tests to be done.

1) brother-in-law's2) brother-in-law3) brother's-in-law4) brother's-in-law's

Задание 18 № 498

Укажите номер подчеркнутого фрагмента, в котором допущена ошибка.

A far greater (1) number of women is working (2) in television (3) today than (4) twenty years ago.

1) 12) 23) 34) 4

Задание 19 № 2361

Прочитайте предложение. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа.

... there was not a single cloud in the sky, and the sun was shining brightly, we were all wearing light summer clothes.

1) So as2) Despite3) Although4) Since

Задание 20 № 500

Укажите номер подчеркнутого фрагмента, в котором допущена ошибка.

It cost the US (1) approximately forty billions dollars (2) in today's money (3) to send a man to the Moon (4).

1) 12) 23) 34) 4

Задание 21 № 441

Укажите номер подчеркнутого фрагмента, в котором допущена ошибка.

There's (1) no use going to the city centre for concert tickets (2) as (3) they are all sold out (4).

1) 12) 23) 34) 4

Задание 22 № 2424

Прочитайте предложение. Укажите номер подчеркнутого фрагмента, в котором допущена ошибка.

I had considered making research (1), until I found out (2) just how much time and effort (3) I would need to put into it (4).

1) 12) 23) 34) 4

Задание 23 № 443

Прочитайте текст. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа. Заполните пропуск (A23).

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1) keen2) fond3) interested4) attracted

Задание 24 № 504

Прочитайте текст. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа. Заполните пропуск (A24).

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1) sense2) solution3) reply4) effect

Задание 25 № 2367

Прочитайте текст. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа. Заполните пропуск (A25).

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1) numbers2) deals3) sums4) ranges

Задание 26 № 806

Прочитайте текст. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа. Заполните пропуск (A26).

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1) confused2) placed3) mixed4) united

Задание 27 № 267

Прочитайте текст. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа. Заполните пропуск (A27).

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1) step2) road3) way4) lane

Задание 28 № 508

Прочитайте текст. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа. Заполните пропуск (A28).

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1) provide2) supply3) hand4) give

Задание 29 № 449

Прочитайте текст. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа. Заполните пропуск (A29).

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1) become2) enter3) participate4) join

Задание 30 № 2072

Прочитайте текст. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа. Заполните пропуск (A30).

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1) responsible2) appropriate3) acceptable4) suitable

Задание 31 № 451

Прочитайте текст. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа. Заполните пропуск (A31).

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1) impression2) effort3) effect4) application

Задание 32 № 1472

Выберите ответную реплику, подходящую по смыслу к предложенной реплике-стимулу.

Last night I didn't sleep very well.

1) Nor did I.2) Neither have I.3) So did I.4) I am as well.

Задание 33 № 2435

Прочитайте диалог. Ответьте на вопрос, следующий после диалога, выбрав один из предложенных вариантов ответа.

Woman: Your graduation ceremony is this afternoon.

Man: I can’t believe it. I’ve graduated at last!

What does the man mean?

1) He graduated last in his class.2) He is the last person in his family to graduate.3) He doesn’t believe he has improved gradually.4) He has finally finished his studies.

Задание 34 № 514

Выберите реплику-стимул, подходящую по смыслу к предложенной ответной реплике.

Not at all.

1) How many of you joined them?2) Have a safe landing.3) How many times have you been abroad?4) Is it hard to play tennis?

Задание 35 № 2437

Установите соответствие между репликами-стимулами 1—4 и ответными репликами А—Е. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа. Одна ответная реплика (А—Е) является лишней.

РЕПЛИКИ-СТИМУЛЫ

ОТВЕТНЫЕ РЕПЛИКИ

1. Who was the person I saw you last night with?

2. How long did it take you to do it?

3. I don’t know how about you, but I’m fed up with this weather.

4. Would you like to go out for an ice cream with me?

A. Ages. What about you?

B. You must be joking.

C. Me too.

D. That sounds great.

E. Do you really want to know?

1) 1E2A3C4D2) 1B2A3D4E3) 1B2A3E4D4) 1E 2D ЗА 4B

Задание 36 № 396

Расположите реплики так, чтобы получился связный диалог. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа.

A. I'm afraid not. Fares go up after midnight - that's the law.

B. OK. That’ll be £18.50.

C. Look, I'm a bit short of money. Can you wait until I go to the cash machine over there? I went to the bank today, but I spent it all buying food for my birthday party tomorrow.

D. How much? You've got to be joking!

E. Just drop me off at the corner, by the supermarket.

F. Don't worry, all I want is my fare — but be quick. I've got to pick up another fare from the other side of town.

1) CABFDE2) CBFAED3) EFABDC4) EBDACF

Задание 37 № 37

Jamie benefits from his sessions with the dolphins because

§1. As his feet splash through the warm waters of a huge outdoor pool at Dolphin Cove in the Florida Keys, USA, tenyear-old Jamie has a delighted expression on his face. He suffers from a disability which means he has difficulty communicating with the rest of the world, but the presence of playful dolphins elicits attention and squeals of pleasure. His parents are happy, too. 'In the past, he wouldn't even touch anything solid, and now he's grabbing hold of the dolphin's fin', says May, Jamie's mother. 'It's opening a new world for him.'

§2. The captive dolphins are part of the Dolphin Human Therapy programme, established by Dr David Nathanson, who uses dolphins to help children with mental and physical disabilities. The dolphins are not treated as miracle healers. Instead, the possibility of touching their grey-suede skin or even having a swim with a dolphin is a reward that encourages children like Jamie to respond to their teachers, who sit with the children at the water's edge. The sessions start with the teacher encouraging the child to motion 'hello' to a dolphin, which responds with a shake of its head or fin. The child is offered another chance to play with the dolphin if he or she works hard during the session.

§3. Adults too are attracted to swimming with captive dolphins as well. At a theme park near Orlando, people pay to have a 30-minute swim with them. It is a deeply memorable experience. When a swimmer slides into water alongside a dolphin they can actually feel their skin tingling as the dolphin scans them with sonar (гидролокатор). Then with a flip of their powerful tails, the dolphins are off, gliding around effortlessly, clearly observing their human visitors.

§4. Anyone tempted to swim with wild dolphins, however, should be careful. They can have a vicious streak. Male dolphins will sometimes kill baby dolphins, to attract the attention of females. They have also been filmed killing small porpoises (animals similar to dolphins), probably mistaking them for baby dolphins.

§5. Scientists have discovered that dolphins 'talk' to each other, through a form of whistling. The animals practise 'whistle matching', which is when one dolphin whistles and another repeats the sound within three seconds.

§6. Back at Dolphin Cove, the dolphins' contribution to the children's progress is acknowledged. 'I think dolphins are incredible,' says Jeffrey Bicknell, who works with the children. 'I've seen them look at a child and observe what the problem is, and change their behaviour according to the nature of the problem. They are more dominant with some children, more patient with others.'

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1) he has never been swimming before.
2) he plays with the dolphins in the water.
3) he has always enjoyed being with animals.

Задание 38 № 1838

Прочитайте текст и выберите вариант ответа, соответствующий его содержанию.

NLP training involves learning how to

§ 1. If you've ever thought that talking to someone was a waste of breath, you might be comforted to know that in some cases you are right — the words we utter have very little effect on people compared with how we say them and what we are doing when we say them.

§ 2. Recent research has shown that in a presentation before a group of people, 55 per cent of the effect on the audience is determined by the body language of the speaker, 38 per cent by their tone of voice and only 7 per cent by the actual content of what is being said. Body language speaks louder than words.

§ 3. So can performance and communication skills really be improved? It would appear so, according to Neuro-Linguistic Programming, or NLP, which was developed in the 1970s by therapist Richard Bandler and linguistics professor John Grinder. They asked: "What makes the difference between someone who is competent at something and someone who is excellent?" They examined the behaviour of people generally considered to be examples of excellence in their respective fields to identify what they were doing consciously (осознанно) and unconsciously. Surprisingly, they discovered patterns of communication which all these high achievers were using to produce consistently positive results. They found that they were able to copy these strategies and achieve similar success, so they developed a way of teaching these skills to other people, a method they called Neuro-Linguistic Programming.

§ 4. They have discovered how people achieve mutual understanding, both consciously and unconsciously, by observing the body language and voice patterns of the person they are talking to. If you're dealing with someone who is painfully shy, you're not going to make a good connection by overwhelming them with your cheerfulness. By matching someone's behaviour we can gain their confidence, achieve a good relationship and improve the quality of communication — in other words, we can get on someone's wavelength. NLP practitioners claim anyone can learn how to do this, and quite quickly. NLP is all about taking one's unconscious, not very highly developed skills and practising them consciously.

§ 5. Another powerful aspect of NLP is its use of positive thinking. We can become aware of the negative and turn it to the positive. Once it is framed in a positive way as a goal, the brain can begin to cope with it and then apply itself to achieving that outcome. To put it another way, if you don't know where you're going, it makes it harder to get there.

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1) increase an ability that we already have.
2) be more aware of our own body and eye movements.
3) respond more quickly to what people say to us.

Задание 39 № 519

Прочитайте текст. Ответьте на вопросы.

According to the writer, Holsenbeck's labyrinth

§ 1. 'Art for art's sake,' is a translation of a French quotation which expresses a philosophy about what art should be. What is meant by the phrase is that a true piece of art should be able to stand alone, to do nothing more than to please the eye. Bryant Holsenbeck, an artist from North Carolina, USA, takes the idea behind the quote a step further: while she does create art of great beauty, she also creates art that carries a valuable message.

§ 2. Through her work, Holsenbeck aims to show how wasteful people have become in today's society. She has been involved in many art projects, widely diverse in both theme and scope. Whatever her subject, all of Holsenbeck's art has one thing in common; it is all constructed from 'stuff that people simply throw away because they had thought it was rubbish.

§ 3. Holsenbeck's main philosophy is that nothing is really 'just trash'. She believes that the fact that American

landfill sites (мусорная свалка) are so full of recyclable items says allot about American culture. She has said that, 'Americans create more garbage, perhead, than any other culture, yet we are blind to our waste.' Holsenbeck has made it her calling to 'make the blind see' and she does this through her art. By working within communities, she feels that she can open the eyes of people. She can also show them that the throw-away culture in which we live needs to change and if it doesn't, the world will soon find itself in a terrible situation indeed. Holsenbeck feels that when a person gets involved in her communal art projects, they become more aware of the fact that what they throw away has an impact on the environment. With Holsenbeck's designs, this impact is a positive one because from the garbage come works of great beauty.

§ 4. One of Holsenbeck's recent projects was a vast labyrinth created from old unwanted shoes. The labyrinth was a group effort and Holsenbeck had the children of the community where it was constructed write their concerns about the planet, and life in general, on the individual shoes. Once the labyrinth was completed, an open invitation was extended to community members of all ages to walkthrough the labyrinth, read the children's messages, and learn what it is that threatens today's world.

§5. Holsenbeck's work has been recognised across the US. Wherever she goes, and whatever she does, her message remains the same, 'My installations are both meditations and questions. Where does all this 'stuff' come from? Where does it go? What do we do with it? Why is it here? Let's hope people start getting Holsenbeck's message.

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1) was made with worn-out footwear.
2) was only visited by the young.
3) worried some members of the community.

Задание 40 № 520

Прочитайте текст. Ответьте на вопросы.

In regards to Holsenbeck, the writer believes that

§ 1. 'Art for art's sake,' is a translation of a French quotation which expresses a philosophy about what art should be. What is meant by the phrase is that a true piece of art should be able to stand alone, to do nothing more than to please the eye. Bryant Holsenbeck, an artist from North Carolina, USA, takes the idea behind the quote a step further: while she does create art of great beauty, she also creates art that carries a valuable message.

§ 2. Through her work, Holsenbeck aims to show how wasteful people have become in today's society. She has been involved in many art projects, widely diverse in both theme and scope. Whatever her subject, all of Holsenbeck's art has one thing in common; it is all constructed from 'stuff that people simply throw away because they had thought it was rubbish.

§ 3. Holsenbeck's main philosophy is that nothing is really 'just trash'. She believes that the fact that American

landfill sites (мусорная свалка) are so full of recyclable items says allot about American culture. She has said that, 'Americans create more garbage, perhead, than any other culture, yet we are blind to our waste.' Holsenbeck has made it her calling to 'make the blind see' and she does this through her art. By working within communities, she feels that she can open the eyes of people. She can also show them that the throw-away culture in which we live needs to change and if it doesn't, the world will soon find itself in a terrible situation indeed. Holsenbeck feels that when a person gets involved in her communal art projects, they become more aware of the fact that what they throw away has an impact on the environment. With Holsenbeck's designs, this impact is a positive one because from the garbage come works of great beauty.

§ 4. One of Holsenbeck's recent projects was a vast labyrinth created from old unwanted shoes. The labyrinth was a group effort and Holsenbeck had the children of the community where it was constructed write their concerns about the planet, and life in general, on the individual shoes. Once the labyrinth was completed, an open invitation was extended to community members of all ages to walkthrough the labyrinth, read the children's messages, and learn what it is that threatens today's world.

§5. Holsenbeck's work has been recognised across the US. Wherever she goes, and whatever she does, her message remains the same, 'My installations are both meditations and questions. Where does all this 'stuff' come from? Where does it go? What do we do with it? Why is it here? Let's hope people start getting Holsenbeck's message.

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1) she has much to learn about art.
2) she raises some very important questions.
3) she should make her message clearer.

Задание 41 № 581

Определите значение указанного слова в тексте.

encouraged (§ 1)

§ 1. Believe it or not, I used to read Flight International every week from the age of eight onwards — my father, an aviation engineer, encouraged my early passion for planes but I never thought that one day I would be working on it as a journalist.

§ 2. Flight International is read by anyone with an interest in aviation. From pilots to manufacturers, technicians to air vice marshals, all are readers looking for the latest news in this sector. As news editor, I'm responsible for deciding what appears on the 20 news pages we produce each week. Aviation is one of the few truly global industries and we have a team of reporters around the world. When I left school, my original plan was to become an engineer. I studied aeronautical engineering at university but found the course rather unsatisfactory. At the time there was a huge recession on with few jobs going, and I was forced to look round for other options. I actually wrote to Flight and asked for a job. The then deputy editor advised me to do a course in journalism which had just been set up, which is what I did.

§ 3. I found the course useful not so much because it gave me a pretty good basic grounding in journalism, but mainly because it focused on several workplacements, which I was able to do at Flight. I wrote a few pieces and got my face known at the magazine. When the course finished there were no jobs available on Flight so I went off and worked for an aviation newsletter. After a year or so the technical reporter at Flight moved to another job and I was in. The great thing for me about working here has been the chance to ask people questions about something I'm genuinely interested in, and to combine it with my other passion, travel. After a couple of years I was offered a job in Munich in Germany,

§ 4. It was fantastic timing as the aviation industry in eastern Europe was just opening up and I got to report on it and see the region. From there I went to Singapore, which again was an extraordinary experience. I got to fly over the Far East, visiting factories, meeting fascinating people and doing interviews, and to be honest I would have been happy to stay there a bit longer.

§ 5. However, jobs like this don't come up very often — the last news editor stayed ten years - and so when I was offered it, I couldn't really say no. Although I'm much more office-based now, I still go to the big air shows. In some ways I was getting a bit tired of living out of a suitcase, although I still get a thrill when I take my seat on a new plane for the first time. A37. Why did the writer read Flight International when he was a child?

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1) discovered
2) supported
3) forced

Задание 42 № 462

Определите значение указанного слова в тексте.

mystery (§ 4)

§ 1. Ask a biologist what the most intelligent creatures are on Earth, and they'll probably come up with a fairly similar list: larger mammals such as horses, dogs, dolphins, pigs, the great apes as well as some birds like crows and ravens. But now some scientists believe that one of the most intelligent beings on Earth is in fact the octopus — which doesn't belong to any of these groups.

§ 2. Every schoolchild knows that octopuses have eight legs and can shoot ink while trying to escape from enemies. But there are many other unusual things about octopuses. For example, if an octopus loses a leg, it can grow a new one. It also has three hearts and complex eyes, which seem to belong to a mammal rather than a Sea creature. Octopuses also seem to be experts at escaping — they have extremely soft, flexible bodies and can escape through holes not much bigger than their eyes.

§ 3. However, even until quite recently, little was known about octopus intelligence. There are several reasons for this. Firstly, octopuses usually live at the bottom of river mouths and seas - areas which are not attractive to researchers. Secondly, they are not social animals so it can be difficult to study their interaction with others. Perhaps most importantly, octopus intelligence is not easy for humans to understand. Octopuses seem like strangers. Scientists need to have a lot of imagination to be able to understand what an octopus is thinking!

§ 4. In the 1950s, the US Air Force sponsored scientists to study the way octopuses use their brains. They hoped that they could use this knowledge to help them build better computers. However, their brains were so complex that the scientists quickly gave up. And even today the octopus brain is a mystery. Octopuses have a very complex nervous system and recent research suggests that they have some of their intelligence inside each arm, which means that each arm can 'think' for itself. It also appears that they have good memories, perhaps similar to a cat's. Some Octopuses in laboratories seem to play with objects as if they were toys — a sure sign of intelligence. Others could pick up complicated skills like opening jars.

§ 5. Perhaps the most striking thing about octopuses is their ability to change their colour and body pattern. They do this to camouflage themselves and also to communicate with others. They can completely change their appearance in less than a second. A scientist once observed an octopus that changed its appearance nearly 1,000 times during seven hours of feeding!

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1) legend
2) myth
3) secret

Задание 43 № 223

Прочитайте тексты. Ответьте на вопросы. Выберите номер текста, отвечающего на вопрос.

Which of Colin's classmates has plans to branch out into another line of business?

Do you ever wonder what will become of your classmates? Can you spot who's going to become famous or get a really interesting job? Colin Bacon decided to look up some people he'd known at secondary school to find out just that.

1. The first person I found was Andrew. He'd always wanted to work in the music industry. He reminded me, "As a student, I used to do DJ work at the weekends. The academic side of university wasn't my main priority. After graduation, I did temporary jobs before getting into a record company as assistant to the marketing manager. I learnt a lot from him and progressed quickly. I'm now in charge of signing new bands. A typical week involves meetings with artists and producers. No two days are ever the same in this job and an average day can change in an instant if you hear a new band and you realise you're on to something big. The thrill of that makes all the dull days worthwhile."

2. Barbara was much more of a shock. She was always rather quiet at school. She explained, "After school I got a place at Art College,to do a four-year degree, but after a year I swapped to a Geography degree which I thought was more interesting. On that course, I met some people who were thinking of joining the army. I suddenly realised it was just the thing for me too. After graduation, I spent a year doing officer training and then shadowed another officer for two months before getting my own first commission." She now has fifty-five soldiers under her command. "Promotion depends on performance and time served, but I hope to have been promoted to the rank of captain in two years' time."

3. Carl was always a patient sort, so I wasn't surprised to find him still in the classroom. He told me, "In my last year at school, I considered teaching as a career, but I ended up doing two years of a medical degree instead. I never really felt committed to it and after two years switched to Biology. I chose a very practical training course where I spent a lot of time in Schools rather than in a lecture theatre. The advantage is that you build up a teaching style quite quickly, but you do miss out a bit on the educational theory behind it. I now work in an inner-city secondary school and the challenge is motivating the rather troublesome pupils to learn."

4. Biggest shock of all was Diane. She was quite scruffy at school and the last person I expected to be working as a fashion model. As she explained, "Anyone who says you become a model just because you're pretty is totally wrong. To be successful you need personality, drive, maturity as well as good looks. A model's job involves getting up early, performing miracles in front of the camera even when you feel awful. It is often exhausting. It's glamorous enough if you make it to the top, but most don't. Fortunately, I'm building up the experience necessary to start my own agency because modelling is not something you can do forever."

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1) 12) 23) 34) 4

Задание 44 № 944

Прочитайте тексты. Ответьте на вопросы. Выберите номер текста, отвечающего на вопрос.

Which person felt rather tired when she was studying?

1. Stacey

I had lessons in Hindi at a local language school. Unfortunately the only class available at my level was late in the evening. So after a long day at school, and then all the written homework we have to do, I didn't have a lot of energy left for language learning. Also, some of my classmates were much older than me and I didn't really get to know them. But that didn't matter because whenever we did group activities, which I'd never done before, but took to straight away, I made sure I was with the younger ones. I was having lessons every evening and that was costing my parents quite a lot, but we'd booked to go to India later that year so there was no time to lose.

2. Chloe

I really want to learn Polish so I bought a course of language lessons as an MP3 to play on my iPod. That meant I could work on it anywhere I went, particularly at those times when you've got nothing to do, like standing at the bus stop. Once I was concentrating so hard on getting a grammar point right that I completely forgot I was on the bus and I started repeating restaurant phrases aloud. I felt a bit uncomfortable when I noticed everyone looking at me, so I didn't do that again. Actually, one problem with learning on my own was not knowing when I was saying words properly and when I wasn't. Overall, though, it was a useful course and I think it was good value for money.

3. Amy

I used the Internet to improve my Spanish. It cost nothing, of course, and although at first I didn't know quite where to look, in the end I came across some great websites where I could practise reading and listening and do grammar exercises. At the same time, I was joining social networking sites and getting in touch with Spanish-speaking teenagers from various parts of the world. I also tried online chat in Spanish, but I couldn't keep up with people. All the time I was thinking about my grammar and it was taking me so long to reply to each sentence after I'd read it that I didn't think it was fair on them, so I gave up. I'll try again sometime, though.

4. Laura

I was living with an English-speaking family and the idea was that I'd pick up a lot of language by being there with them, but it just wasn't happening. Everyone watched television all the time and rarely spoke to me. After a week I left and moved in with a couple who had young children, and that was better. They were all very friendly and I could chat with them anytime, really. When I got things wrong they would often correct me and I think that helped me improve my speaking a lot. I would also have liked to be nearer the city centre, because the house was so far out of town that I couldn't get to the kinds of places where other teenagers went in the evenings.

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Задание 45 № 2208

Прочитайте текст. Заполните пропуск (A45) одним из предложенных текстовых фрагментов.

1 — That meant the added cost of a private tutor at £ 140 a month.

2 — However, all these sacrifices have not been enough.

3 — June has her own reasons for wanting Kelly’s success.

4 — All to give their daughter Kelly the chance to become a world champion ice-skater.

June and Malcolm Harding spent their life savings on their first home, and thought they were set for life. But just over a year later, June handed the keys back to the estate agent. Since then they’ve also sold

most of their furniture. (A43)____

What started as a way to stop Kelly being bored in the summer holiday has become the focus of all their lives. She won her first competition after only 10 weeks of skating lessons. Soon after, Kelly’s coach left Britain for Canada and her parting words changed the Harding’s lives for ever. “Find the money to keep Kelly on the ice,” she urged. “She’ll go all the way to the top.” From then on, there was no question — whatever it cost to make Kelly a winner, they’d find a way.

(A44)____“I started skating when I was 10,” — June said. “I saved all the money I could for lessons by doing errands for neighbours. But Mum and Dad were poor and when Mum saved to buy me boots, Dad said that it was a mere waste. I never skated again. I wasn’t going to let that happen to Kelly.” They had to take Kelly out of school so she could practise more. As she was still only fourteen, they had to guarantee the local authorities she’d continue her studies until she was seventeen. (A45)____

“I worked out we only got £ 500 for £ 5,000 worth of furniture — but at least it paid for some more lessons,” said June. “The only things we kept were the TV and video because we can never afford to go out. Luckily, our new accommodation is furnished. We took our car off the road because we can’t afford to run it. We haven’t had a phone for four months, or a holiday in six years.” (A46)____

Despite being permanently poor, June and Malcolm have no doubt they’re doing the right thing. “Just seeing Kelly on the ice, smiling and happy, makes it all worthwhile,” her father said. .“Even if she doesn’t make it she’ll have had the opportunity thousands of girls haven’t.”

Kelly, now seventeen, was placed 13th in last year’s junior championship and has won nearly thirty competitions so far. “I know I’m very lucky,” she admits. (A47)____Her coach, a former British champion, is

convinced she’ll go far. “I think she’ll make the Olympic squad,” she said. “Kelly is an exceptional girl — gifted and very hardworking.”

(A48)____It’s unlikely that her mum will ever see her win, though, because she gets too nervous to watch. “People think we’re mad giving up everything,” continues June, “but we believe in our daughter... I’d do it all over again tomorrow.”

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Задание 46 № 166

Прочитайте тексты. Ответьте на вопросы. Выберите номер текста, отвечающего на вопрос.

Which festival / celebration came about partly because of a message that had been caught hold of?

1. Halloween

Halloween was originally a Celtic festival for the dead, celebrated on the last day of the Celtic year, October 31. One story says that, on that day, the spirits of all those who had died throughout the preceding year would come back in search of living bodies to possess for the next year. Naturally, the still-living did not want to be possessed. So, on the night of October 31, villagers would put out the fires in their homes, to make them cold and undesirable. They would then dress up in all manner of devilish costumes and noisily parade around the neighbourhood, in order to frighten away spirits looking for bodies to possess. The custom of "trick-or-treating (when children go from house to house on Halloween to get Small presents) is thought to have originated with a ninth-century European custom called 'souling where early Christians would walk from village to village begging for 'soul cakes', made out of square pieces of bread with currants.

2. Independence Day

Independence Day is the national holiday of the USA commemorating the signing of the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776. At the time of the signing, the US was under the rule of England's King George III. There was growing protest in the 13 colonies concerning the taxes that had to be paid to England. King George sent extra troops to help control any rebellion (восстание). In April 1775 the King's troops reached Concord. The battle of Concord would mark the beginning of the war for Independence. By June 1776 a committee was formed to compose a formal declaration of independence. Thomas Jefferson was chosen to write the first draft which was presented to the Congress.

3. Carnival

The Origins of Carnival are unclear, but most agree that it started as a pagan (языческое) celebration in ancient Rome or Greece. In Brazil, Carnival rules the country for four days a year. It happens at the peak of summer, attracting thgusands of visitors from all corners of the world. Carnival changes dates every year but it usually happens some time in February or early March. Carnival is supposed to be a time to 'forget or recall an old love affair, to celebrate new passion or search for new romantic experiences'.

4. Guy Fawkes' Night

In 1605, Guy Fawkes and a group of his supporters attempted to blow up the Houses of Parliament to kill the King, James I and the entire Parliament. The conspirators were angered because King James had been forcing Jesuits to leave England. The plotters (заговорщики) wanted to take power away from the king and return the country to the Catholic faith. However, in an attempt to protect a friend, one of the group members sent an anonymous letter warning him to stay away from the Parliament. The warning letter reached the King, and the conspirators were caught and sentenced to death.

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Задание 47 № 587

Прочитайте текст. Заполните пропуск (A47) одним из предложенных текстовых фрагментов.

1 — In 2002, my turn came around.

2 — Once I had learnt the basic principles of managing my own business, I never looked back, they said.

3 — Once again, though, Adventure came to my aid, providing me with financial support through this difficult time.

4 — It turned out that there were plenty!

It was back in 1995, when my husband Eric was working as a rubbish collector for the local town council, that I first got the idea of recycling clothes. He would frequently find bags of perfectly good clothes just thrown into the rubbish. I wondered if I would be able to do something with them which would make money for me and perhaps even help the community at the same time. I decided to give it a try.

The first thing I did was to place an advertisement in the newspaper inviting people in the neighbourhood to bring me their second-hand clothing, shoes and bedding instead of throwing them away. Within a week, our garage was bursting with black plastic bags. (A43) ___ This kept me busy for weeks.

At the same time, I was also looking for a shop to rent where I could sell these items. (A44) ___ But it wasn't until I contacted Adventure, an organisation which helps people to set up their own businesses, that I finally got the assistance I needed. They helped me find the right shop and gave me advice about getting a business loan to get me started. That's how Second Best was born.

For my idea to work, I was going to need a steady supply of clothes. The town council already had recycling bins for paper, glass and the like. (A45) ___ I was able to make arrangements to have the clothes collected and brought to my shop, where I had installed laundry facilities to cope with all the washloads I needed to do!

It wasn't only making money in the shop that interested me, though. I was still eager for the community to benefit from my idea, too, so I started to find ways that the large quantities of very old or damaged clothing that I couldn't sell in the shop could be put to use. (A46) ___ Some of the old clothing is now turned into bandages for hospitals, for example, while one school in the area asks for old jeans to make into lunch bags.

Adventure believes in encouraging people by giving an annual Special Merit Award to the most successful new business they have helped. (A47) ___ Not only had I helped so many others, they said, but I had also had to overcome a difficulty. In 2000, my shop had been destroyed by fire and I had had to start the business all over again from Scratch.

Getting back on track wasn't easy. Not only did I have to search for another shop to rent, but I also had to spend time building up new stocks of clothes, as nearly all of the original stock had been destroyed. (A48) ___ Otherwise, I would have been forced to call it a day.

Today, twelve years after I first started up, Second Best is a very successful small business.

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Задание 48 № 2450

Прочитайте тексты (1—4). Ответьте на вопросы (А43—А48). В бланке ответов поставьте метку (х) в клеточке, соответствующей номеру текста, отвечающего на вопрос.

1 — Housewife and grandmother

2 — Lawyer

3 — Environmental consultant

4 — Retired primary school head teacher

Wich person didn’t enjoy the event as much as the preparation?

1. Housewife and grandmother

I went down a cliff to raise money for charity. It was an enormous challenge as I’m actually quite afraid of heights. It was only really the moment of going over the edge that was difficult: after that it was very easy. You just have to get into the'rhythm and not go too fast. My son is really keen on climbing and some of his friends from his university

climbing club set everything up and organised the whole event. There were about twenty of us who did it and between us we raised well over the target amount.

2. Lawyer

I ran a triathlon and managed to get over 50 people to sponsor me. I had to train for months and it was really hard work but well worth it. I actually enjoyed the training more than the final event because on the day the weather was terrible. In the months running up to the event I followed a very strict regime and it felt good to be working towards such a specific goal. Knowing that I was going to be able to give a large donation to charity made me even more determined to do it. It was such a positive experience I’m going to do it again next year.

3. Environmental consultant

I cycled from L.A. to Quito last spring. All my family thought I was mad but I love cycling and I knew it would be an amazing way to see lots of really interesting places. I managed to raise quite a bit of money for charity through sponsorship although that wasn’t my main, objective. I turned 30 in March and I really wanted to be doing something totally different rather than just sitting at my desk in the office. I wanted it to be something I could look back on when I am older and feel proud of. The fact that I was able to do something to help those less well off than me at the same time, well that made it even better.

4. Retired primary school head teacher

We used to make a big effort to get the children involved in charity events as I think it helps raise their awareness of world events and the fact that in many places there are people, particularly children like themselves, who live in very different circumstances to them. I think they get a great sense of satisfaction too from knowing that they are able to do something to help. Each year we had a special day; where all the children paid a small amount of money and then came to school for one day in their own clothes and not in school uniform. We also regularly held parties where the children were encouraged to donate old toys and books and things which we then sold. All the money we made went to our chosen charity.

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Задание 49 № 469

Прочитайте текст. Выберите подходящее по смыслу слово из предложенных. B ответ запишите слово в той форме, в которой оно должно стоять в предложении. Помните, что каждое слово может быть использовано только один раз и что заданную форму слова необходимо изменить. Заполните пропуск (B1).

CREATE, ABLE, SATISFY, FIRM

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Задание 50 № 1190

Прочитайте текст. Выберите подходящее по смыслу слово из предложенных. B ответ запишите слово в той форме, в которой оно должно стоять в предложении. Помните, что каждое слово может быть использовано только один раз и что заданную форму слова необходимо изменить. Заполните пропуск (B2).

REWARD, SAD, SUSPECT, SCIENCE

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Задание 51 № 531

Прочитайте текст. Выберите подходящее по смыслу слово из предложенных. B ответ запишите слово в той форме, в которой оно должно стоять в предложении. Помните, что каждое слово может быть использовано только один раз и что заданную форму слова необходимо изменить. Заполните пропуск (B3).

NECESSARY, LOCATE, COMPARATIVE, AFFORD

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Задание 52 № 1012

Прочитайте текст. Выберите подходящее по смыслу слово из предложенных. B ответ запишите слово в той форме, в которой оно должно стоять в предложении. Помните, что каждое слово может быть использовано только один раз и что заданную форму слова необходимо изменить. Заполните пропуск (B4).

NUMBER, ACHIEVE, BELIEVE, RELY

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Задание 53 № 2395

Прочитайте текст (B5—B8). Заполните пропуск (B5) только одним словом, подходящим по смыслу. Слово должно содержать не более 15 символов.

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Задание 54 № 1014

Прочитайте текст. Заполните пропуск (B6) только одним словом, подходящим по смыслу. Слово должно содержать не более 15 символов.

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Задание 55 № 2397

Прочитайте текст (B5—B8). Заполните пропуск (B7) только одним словом, подходящим по смыслу. Слово должно содержать не более 15 символов.

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Задание 56 № 1976

Прочитайте текст. Заполните пропуск (B8) только одним словом, подходящим по смыслу. Слово должно содержать не более 15 символов.

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Задание 57 № 1317

Прочитайте текст. Выпишите по два лишних слова в порядке их предъявления в тексте.

What does he think of the rumours that he and Sophie are planning toget their married? "Every day I see things which written about me that aren't true. One day they say we're getting married and the next day that I'm seeing another woman. I just try to ignore all of it."

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Задание 58 № 58

Прочитайте текст. Выпишите два лишних слова в порядке их предъявления в тексте. Не оставляйте пробелов между словами.

It's the day when you can go out there without worrying about homework, getting up in the morning or anything like

that. It's such great! Do you agree with me?

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Задание 59 № 479

Переведите на английский язык фрагмент предложения, данный в скобках.

Both of those dresses are beautiful, but I don't think (какое-либо) of them will fit me.

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Задание 60 № 840

Переведите на английский язык фрагмент предложения, данный в скобках.

It (имеет) sense to read the instructions carefully.

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